Morphological and Phylogenetic Resolution of Diplodia corticola and D. quercivora, Emerging Canker Pathogens of Oak (Quercus spp.), in the United States.
Identifieur interne : 000113 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000112; suivant : 000114Morphological and Phylogenetic Resolution of Diplodia corticola and D. quercivora, Emerging Canker Pathogens of Oak (Quercus spp.), in the United States.
Auteurs : Savannah L. Ferreira [États-Unis] ; Cameron M. Stauder [Oman] ; Danielle Martin [États-Unis] ; Matthew T. Kasson [États-Unis]Source :
- Plant disease [ 0191-2917 ] ; 2020.
Abstract
In Mediterranean Europe and the United States, oak species (Quercus spp.) have been in various states of decline for the past several decades. Several insect pests and pathogens contribute to this decline to varying degrees including Phytophthora cinnamomi, Armillaria spp., various insect defoliators, and additionally in the U.S., the oak wilt pathogen, Bretziella fagacearum. More recently, two emerging canker pathogens, Diplodia corticola (Dc) and Diplodia quercivora (Dq) have been implicated in causing dieback and mortality of oak species in Europe and in several regions in the United States. In 2019, a fungal survey was conducted in the Mid-Atlantic region of the Eastern U.S., including Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia to determine the range and impact of Dc and Dq on forest health within the U.S. A total of 563 oak trees between red and white oak family members were evaluated across 33 forests spanning 18 counties. A total of 32 Diplodia isolates encompassing three Diplodia spp. were recovered from 5,335 total plugs collected from the 13 of 18 sampled counties. Recovered Diplodia species included Dc, Dq, and D. sapinea (Ds), as well as Botryosphaeria dothidea (Bd), a closely related canker pathogen in the Botryosphaeriaceae. Both Dc and Ds were recovered from red and white oak family members, whereas Dq was exclusive to white oak family members and Bd to red oak family members. Of these species, Dc was most frequently isolated followed by Dq, Ds, and Bd. Overall, mortality was relatively low across all sampled counties, indicating that these fungi, at the levels that were detected, are not widely inciting oak decline across the region, but more likely are acting opportunistically when the environment is conducive for disease. In an attempt to better understand the relationships among Dc and potentially their geographic origin(s), a multi-gene phylogenetic study and corresponding morphological study were conducted. A total of 49 Diplodia isolates from Spain, France, Italy, and the U.S. were assessed. Across all isolates and geographic regions, Dc formed a strongly supported monophyletic clade sister to Dq and included two strongly supported subclades, one that included isolates from Spain and California and a second that included isolates from Italy, Maryland, and West Virginia. Both subclades also exhibited overlapping spore measurements. These results support Dc as a cosmopolitan pathogen, native to both Europe and the U.S. with the possibility of secondary introductions.
DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-05-20-0977-RE
PubMed: 32852252
Affiliations:
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Morphological and Phylogenetic Resolution of <i>Diplodia corticola</i> and <i>D. quercivora</i>, Emerging Canker Pathogens of Oak (<i>Quercus</i> spp.), in the United States.</title><author><name sortKey="Ferreira, Savannah L" sort="Ferreira, Savannah L" uniqKey="Ferreira S" first="Savannah L" last="Ferreira">Savannah L. Ferreira</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>West Virginia University, Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States; savannah.haines@maine.edu.</nlm:affiliation><country wicri:rule="url">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>West Virginia University, Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, Morgantown, West Virginia</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Virginie-Occidentale</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stauder, Cameron M" sort="Stauder, Cameron M" uniqKey="Stauder C" first="Cameron M" last="Stauder">Cameron M. Stauder</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>West Virginia University, Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, South Agriculture Sciences, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States, 26506; cameronstauder@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation><country wicri:rule="url">Oman</country><wicri:regionArea>West Virginia University, Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, South Agriculture Sciences, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>United States</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martin, Danielle" sort="Martin, Danielle" uniqKey="Martin D" first="Danielle" last="Martin">Danielle Martin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>USDA, Forest Service, 180 CANFIELD ST, MORGANTOWN, West Virginia, United States, 26505; dkmartin@fs.fed.us.</nlm:affiliation><country wicri:rule="url">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>USDA, Forest Service, 180 CANFIELD ST, MORGANTOWN, West Virginia, United States</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>United States</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kasson, Matthew T" sort="Kasson, Matthew T" uniqKey="Kasson M" first="Matthew T" last="Kasson">Matthew T. Kasson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>West Virginia University, Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, 103 South Agricultural Sciences Building, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States, 26506; mtkasson@mail.wvu.edu.</nlm:affiliation><country wicri:rule="url">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>West Virginia University, Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, 103 South Agricultural Sciences Building, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>United States</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:32852252</idno><idno type="pmid">32852252</idno><idno type="doi">10.1094/PDIS-05-20-0977-RE</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000079</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000079</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000079</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Curation">000079</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000079</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Morphological and Phylogenetic Resolution of <i>Diplodia corticola</i> and <i>D. quercivora</i>, Emerging Canker Pathogens of Oak (<i>Quercus</i> spp.), in the United States.</title><author><name sortKey="Ferreira, Savannah L" sort="Ferreira, Savannah L" uniqKey="Ferreira S" first="Savannah L" last="Ferreira">Savannah L. Ferreira</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>West Virginia University, Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States; savannah.haines@maine.edu.</nlm:affiliation><country wicri:rule="url">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>West Virginia University, Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, Morgantown, West Virginia</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Virginie-Occidentale</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stauder, Cameron M" sort="Stauder, Cameron M" uniqKey="Stauder C" first="Cameron M" last="Stauder">Cameron M. Stauder</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>West Virginia University, Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, South Agriculture Sciences, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States, 26506; cameronstauder@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation><country wicri:rule="url">Oman</country><wicri:regionArea>West Virginia University, Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, South Agriculture Sciences, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>United States</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martin, Danielle" sort="Martin, Danielle" uniqKey="Martin D" first="Danielle" last="Martin">Danielle Martin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>USDA, Forest Service, 180 CANFIELD ST, MORGANTOWN, West Virginia, United States, 26505; dkmartin@fs.fed.us.</nlm:affiliation><country wicri:rule="url">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>USDA, Forest Service, 180 CANFIELD ST, MORGANTOWN, West Virginia, United States</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>United States</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kasson, Matthew T" sort="Kasson, Matthew T" uniqKey="Kasson M" first="Matthew T" last="Kasson">Matthew T. Kasson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>West Virginia University, Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, 103 South Agricultural Sciences Building, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States, 26506; mtkasson@mail.wvu.edu.</nlm:affiliation><country wicri:rule="url">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>West Virginia University, Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, 103 South Agricultural Sciences Building, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>United States</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Plant disease</title><idno type="ISSN">0191-2917</idno><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">In Mediterranean Europe and the United States, oak species (<i>Quercus</i> spp.) have been in various states of decline for the past several decades. Several insect pests and pathogens contribute to this decline to varying degrees including <i>Phytophthora cinnamomi</i>, <i>Armillaria</i> spp., various insect defoliators, and additionally in the U.S., the oak wilt pathogen, <i>Bretziella fagacearum</i>. More recently, two emerging canker pathogens, <i>Diplodia corticola</i> (<i>Dc</i>) and <i>Diplodia quercivora</i> (<i>Dq</i>) have been implicated in causing dieback and mortality of oak species in Europe and in several regions in the United States. In 2019, a fungal survey was conducted in the Mid-Atlantic region of the Eastern U.S., including Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia to determine the range and impact of <i>Dc</i> and <i>Dq</i> on forest health within the U.S. A total of 563 oak trees between red and white oak family members were evaluated across 33 forests spanning 18 counties. A total of 32 <i>Diplodia</i> isolates encompassing three <i>Diplodia</i> spp. were recovered from 5,335 total plugs collected from the 13 of 18 sampled counties. Recovered <i>Diplodia</i> species included <i>Dc</i>, <i>Dq</i>, and <i>D. sapinea</i> (<i>Ds</i>), as well as <i>Botryosphaeria dothidea</i> (<i>Bd</i>), a closely related canker pathogen in the Botryosphaeriaceae. Both <i>Dc</i> and <i>Ds</i> were recovered from red and white oak family members, whereas <i>Dq</i> was exclusive to white oak family members and <i>Bd</i> to red oak family members. Of these species, <i>Dc</i> was most frequently isolated followed by <i>Dq</i>, <i>Ds</i>, and <i>Bd</i>. Overall, mortality was relatively low across all sampled counties, indicating that these fungi, at the levels that were detected, are not widely inciting oak decline across the region, but more likely are acting opportunistically when the environment is conducive for disease. In an attempt to better understand the relationships among <i>Dc</i> and potentially their geographic origin(s), a multi-gene phylogenetic study and corresponding morphological study were conducted. A total of 49 <i>Diplodia</i> isolates from Spain, France, Italy, and the U.S. were assessed. Across all isolates and geographic regions, <i>Dc</i> formed a strongly supported monophyletic clade sister to <i>Dq</i> and included two strongly supported subclades, one that included isolates from Spain and California and a second that included isolates from Italy, Maryland, and West Virginia. Both subclades also exhibited overlapping spore measurements. These results support <i>Dc</i> as a cosmopolitan pathogen, native to both Europe and the U.S. with the possibility of secondary introductions.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="Publisher" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32852252</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>27</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Print">0191-2917</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Print"><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>Aug</Month><Day>27</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Plant disease</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Plant Dis</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Morphological and Phylogenetic Resolution of <i>Diplodia corticola</i> and <i>D. quercivora</i>, Emerging Canker Pathogens of Oak (<i>Quercus</i> spp.), in the United States.</ArticleTitle><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1094/PDIS-05-20-0977-RE</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>In Mediterranean Europe and the United States, oak species (<i>Quercus</i> spp.) have been in various states of decline for the past several decades. Several insect pests and pathogens contribute to this decline to varying degrees including <i>Phytophthora cinnamomi</i>, <i>Armillaria</i> spp., various insect defoliators, and additionally in the U.S., the oak wilt pathogen, <i>Bretziella fagacearum</i>. More recently, two emerging canker pathogens, <i>Diplodia corticola</i> (<i>Dc</i>) and <i>Diplodia quercivora</i> (<i>Dq</i>) have been implicated in causing dieback and mortality of oak species in Europe and in several regions in the United States. In 2019, a fungal survey was conducted in the Mid-Atlantic region of the Eastern U.S., including Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia to determine the range and impact of <i>Dc</i> and <i>Dq</i> on forest health within the U.S. A total of 563 oak trees between red and white oak family members were evaluated across 33 forests spanning 18 counties. A total of 32 <i>Diplodia</i> isolates encompassing three <i>Diplodia</i> spp. were recovered from 5,335 total plugs collected from the 13 of 18 sampled counties. Recovered <i>Diplodia</i> species included <i>Dc</i>, <i>Dq</i>, and <i>D. sapinea</i> (<i>Ds</i>), as well as <i>Botryosphaeria dothidea</i> (<i>Bd</i>), a closely related canker pathogen in the Botryosphaeriaceae. Both <i>Dc</i> and <i>Ds</i> were recovered from red and white oak family members, whereas <i>Dq</i> was exclusive to white oak family members and <i>Bd</i> to red oak family members. Of these species, <i>Dc</i> was most frequently isolated followed by <i>Dq</i>, <i>Ds</i>, and <i>Bd</i>. Overall, mortality was relatively low across all sampled counties, indicating that these fungi, at the levels that were detected, are not widely inciting oak decline across the region, but more likely are acting opportunistically when the environment is conducive for disease. In an attempt to better understand the relationships among <i>Dc</i> and potentially their geographic origin(s), a multi-gene phylogenetic study and corresponding morphological study were conducted. A total of 49 <i>Diplodia</i> isolates from Spain, France, Italy, and the U.S. were assessed. Across all isolates and geographic regions, <i>Dc</i> formed a strongly supported monophyletic clade sister to <i>Dq</i> and included two strongly supported subclades, one that included isolates from Spain and California and a second that included isolates from Italy, Maryland, and West Virginia. Both subclades also exhibited overlapping spore measurements. These results support <i>Dc</i> as a cosmopolitan pathogen, native to both Europe and the U.S. with the possibility of secondary introductions.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ferreira</LastName><ForeName>Savannah L</ForeName><Initials>SL</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>West Virginia University, Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States; savannah.haines@maine.edu.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Stauder</LastName><ForeName>Cameron M</ForeName><Initials>CM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>West Virginia University, Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, South Agriculture Sciences, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States, 26506; cameronstauder@gmail.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Martin</LastName><ForeName>Danielle</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>USDA, Forest Service, 180 CANFIELD ST, MORGANTOWN, West Virginia, United States, 26505; dkmartin@fs.fed.us.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kasson</LastName><ForeName>Matthew T</ForeName><Initials>MT</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>West Virginia University, Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, 103 South Agricultural Sciences Building, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States, 26506; mtkasson@mail.wvu.edu.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>27</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>Plant Dis</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>9882809</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0191-2917</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Bot canker</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Botryosphaeriaceae</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Oak decline</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">oak canker</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">oak wilt</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">rapid white oak mortality</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2020</Year><Month>8</Month><Day>28</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2020</Year><Month>8</Month><Day>28</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2020</Year><Month>8</Month><Day>28</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>aheadofprint</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32852252</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1094/PDIS-05-20-0977-RE</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>Oman</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Virginie-Occidentale</li></region></list><tree><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Virginie-Occidentale"><name sortKey="Ferreira, Savannah L" sort="Ferreira, Savannah L" uniqKey="Ferreira S" first="Savannah L" last="Ferreira">Savannah L. Ferreira</name></region><name sortKey="Kasson, Matthew T" sort="Kasson, Matthew T" uniqKey="Kasson M" first="Matthew T" last="Kasson">Matthew T. Kasson</name><name sortKey="Martin, Danielle" sort="Martin, Danielle" uniqKey="Martin D" first="Danielle" last="Martin">Danielle Martin</name></country><country name="Oman"><noRegion><name sortKey="Stauder, Cameron M" sort="Stauder, Cameron M" uniqKey="Stauder C" first="Cameron M" last="Stauder">Cameron M. Stauder</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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